REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Sheep Mountain Prospect is situated in the Peninsular Terrain (Island Arc) and along the southern axis of the Alaska Oroclinal Fold /Bend. It is underlain by the unmetamorphosed Triassic-Jurassic Talkeetna Formation consisting of intermediate to mafic volcanics and intrusives. The region is also underlain by felsic to mafic volcanics and intrusives of Tertiary age. Sheep Mountain has a very favorable tectonic and structural position for the emplacement of porphyry type deposits. It is bounded by major strike slip faults: Castle Mountain, Caribou and Border Creek Faults and intersected by the East Boulder Creek and Hicks Creek Faults and others which appear to have been created in an extensional regime created by the transpressional tectonics. This type of tectonic activity can create pull-apart basins which are zones that provide high-permeability conduits for the emplacement of mineralized magmas to shallow crustal levels.
GEOPHYSICS
There was an old (1972) aeromagnetic survey conducted over Sheep Mountain which shows a predictable magnetic low over the hydrothermally altered (acid leached rocks). Mineralized rocks of the central core are predicted to have a higher magnetic susceptibility as they would not be affected by the magnetite destructive reactions going on at higher levels in the system. The USGS gravity survey shows the Sheep Mountain area to be an isolated structural block located within a gravity high and interpreted to be bounded by major strike slip faults
LOCAL GEOLOGY
The Talkeetna Formation is is composed of marine and non-marine pyroclastic breccias, lahars, tuff, silty to cobbly greywacke, flows and sills of basalt, andesite, dacite and other rocks and is at least 2000 to 3000 meters thick. There are also interbedded marine sediments. Numerous intrusives are evident ranging from gabbro, norite, and diorite that are placed as coeval with the Jurassic volcanics. There also may be younger volcanic and intrusive rocks on Sheep Mountain but only precise age dating would determine this. The alteration zone is coincident with a circular structure that is bounded on the south by a reverse fault which appears to have been formed by an intrusive event along the Castle Mountain Fault. The alteration zone of Sheep Montain is cut by an extensive network of altered and sheared dikes and also by late stage breccias.
Alteration and Mineralization
The alteration as seen from the highway is striking. Fresh to Propylitically altered volcanic and intrusive rocks are in sharp contact with a lower Advanced Argillic Alteration Zone (AAA) characterized by light yellowish brown to white alunite and clay altered rock; red hematite clay altered rock and patchy zones of white gypsum.
Below the AAA zone is a central core of bright white colored rock exposed in the bottom of a ravine which is composed of quartz, sericite, pyrite and kaolinite. This zone is presumably related to the Phyllic alteration zone characteristic of porphyry style alteration. In some samples I examined, K-feldspar veining is evident which could be a remnant of an earlier Potassic zone telescoped by destructive later alteration events. Within the alteration (leached zone) mineralization is predictably low due to acid destruction. However anomalous copper values of 128 ppm have been recorded associated with the copper minerals chalcopyrite, bornite and /or chalcocite. Numerous occurrences of copper gossans were found within the alteration zone associated with sheared and intensely altered rocks. Anomalous gold values of up to 0.8 ppm have been found by other investigators. On the periphery of the alteration zone to the east other investigators have found malachite and extensive chalcopyrite veins assaying up to 50,000 ppm. Float in streams drainages contain both bornite and chalcopyrite. Principle alteration suites associated with porphyry copper deposits are generally of two types:
- Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, As
- Ba, Zn, Pb, Sb, Ag, As, Te, Bi
Samples that I have taken are anomalous in : Cu 128 ppm, Mo 48 ppm, Cr 306 ppm, Zn 102 ppm, Hg 290 ppm, As 24 ppm, Ba 160 ppm and B 480 ppm.
More photographs of the alteration zone are available for viewing.